Jesus Christ and the Red Cross Knight Essay -- essays papers

Jesus Christ and the personnel casualty Cross nicknameIn his first book of The fantasy world Queen, Edmund Spenser recites the tale of the Red Cross Knight and the many trials and tribulations that he encounters along his quest to save Princess Unas kingdom. Throughout the tale Spenser makes many allusions to the Red Cross Knight being a Christ-like character. All of the qualities and attributes which Red Cross develops along the way lead up to his personification of Christ on the third day of the flying dragon fight. Many of these allusions are contained in small images and references.The first image that Spenser uses to relate the tales significance to Christianity and Christ appears in canto I stanza iv A lovely Ladie rode him faire beside,Upon a lowly Asse more snowy then snow,Yet she much whiter,...Seemed in heart some hidden care she had,And by her line a milke white lambe she lad. (I.iv.) An image from the New Testament can be grasped from this scene. Picture Red C ross as Joseph on his way to Bethlehem leading the Virgin Mother Mary, Princess Una, who is go on an ass carrying Jesus Christ the Lamb of God in her womb or in this case behind her. Although through this image Red Cross is seen as Joseph and not Christ, it is understood later in the story that the lamb represents what Red Cross could become through the help of Una and the trials he impart face during his quest. The vision of Una as the virgin Mother of Christ solidifies her as having such characteristics as chastity, truth, and innocence. Each of these cement Una in the role of a meliorate Romance maiden, one who can lead her champion to his utmost potential that of a true romance hero. The adventures of Red Cross mirror the temptation in the dessert ... ...dragon with his sword, which represents Gods Word, he aims at the mouth of the beast, exemplifying Christ destroying Original Sin at the source and or Satan. (pg.150 foot6) By ideologically killing Satan Red Cross has reache d his full potential and in the future will become St. George. In this first book of The Fairie Queen Edmund Spenser embodies in his main character, the Red Cross Knight, humanitys battle with Satan and evil. Throughout the epic the Red Cross Knight and even Prince Arthur are, continually representing Jesus Christ and his victories on the Cross and at the end of time. They are both representing Jesus Christ in all that they do and the qualities of a good Christian. This personification of Christ culminates at the end of the story with the Red Cross Knights victory over the dragon.BibliographyEdmund Spensers Fairie Queen

History of rock and roll music outline :: essays research papers

History of the rock music perseveranceIntroductionI.How has an attention grown to become a 32 billion dollars a year machine?II.Ill tell ou how, by scouting new talents from each and every corner of the world to bring us the music that each of us desires. III.This is the recording industry which even though their sales have been steadily declining due to internet piracy it is still an industry which has great importance in our lives. As college students alone spend about 450 million dollars on music, according to Harris Interactive a worldwide market look for and consulting firm. Ever since the birth of recorded music, it has defined our eras and defined each and every one of us. Music has been and always testament be the soundtrack of our lives. IV.Today I will try and familiarize you with the great changes this business has gone through. V.To make this short I will start in the 50s the golden time of rock and roll, continue to the 60s with beatlemania, on to the 70s with disc o and punk rock, then the 80s on through today. organic structureI.First I will start by discussing the various genres that created rock music in the 50s and 60s.A.Rhythm and Blues 1. retch Berry, Elvis Presley, Buddy Holly 2.Their influences II.Second I will tell you with more detail the numerous events of the 60s that shaped the way the music industry was ran and the way rock music sounded.A.The Beatles, and other pop acts and their influence.B.The shift of interest towards lolly instead of creativity in the Industry.C.The emergence of counter pop movements.D. record book labels look to capitalize on these movements.III.Third I will discuss the seventies. A.Folk rock and other sub-genresB.Disco C.Punk rock and its deviance from major(ip) record companiesIV.Fourth and last I will talk about the eighties on through today, and how this industry morphed into what it is today. A. The beginnings of rap.B. Hair BandsC. Grunge (Nirvana, Pearl Jam, Soundgarden)D. articulatio coxae Hop an d music today.ConclusionI.I now come to an end of explaining the changes the music industry has gone through from the mid-fifties on through today. The fifties with its rhythm and blues that gave way to rock and roll, the sixties with the rise of big record labels and their attention shifting more towards pop music that would drive their profits sky high. The seventies with the advent of what we now know as rock.

Use of Angels in Smith’s Annunciation and Plath’s Black Rook in Rainy W

Use of Angels in Smiths Annunciation and Plaths shocking Rook in Rainy Weather Since biblical times, people require looked to angels as sources of comfort, inspiration, protection, and solace. Yet very little is said in the Bible about what angels actually are the Bible focuses mainly on their deeds, and leaves their nature to the imagination. Consequently, few people really understand them, and the very notion of angels is a rather unrestricted idea subject to personal interpretation and design. Poets, never ones to let a chance at interpretation go by, have written about angels, apply them as both subject and metaphor. Two poems of note where angels are used as metaphors are Annunciation, by Kay Smith and Black Rook in Rainy Weather, by Sylvia Plath. In these poems, angels are referenced not for their own sake, but rather for the metaphorical meanings which the reader may glean from them. In Annunciation, Smith uses an angel to represent greatness left pursued yet unattained a life, while Plath uses angels to represent unusual occurences which brighten or minimal brain damage meaning to an otherwise dreary life. Annunciation begins with a note about the standard artistic depiction of the Annunciation, in which the angel Gabriel appears to the Virgin Mary to state that she will be the Mother of God. Smith notes that in paintings of the event, Mary is always reading a book she seems trying to keep her place in the book, contempt the arrival and great presence of Gabriel. In the poem, Smith herself paints a portrait of a young girl at a crossroads two girls at a museum in Italy on some sort of trip. We two sometimes women (line 20) implies that the girls are fairly young, but since they seem to be alone together they have likel... ...vene in the lives of the faithful in times of trial. Plath uses angels as a metaphor for authorization and hope in a time of darkness. Angels are so commonly felt but poorly understood that it is possible to attach many different meanings to them. In poetry, angels can represent a spectrum of ideas and feelings, from awe to hope to strength to fear, just to list a few examples. In Annunciation, Kay Smith uses the majesty and biblical significance of the angel Gabriel to represent a feeling of greatness and destiny that the speaker let slip through her grasp. In Black Rook in Rainy Weather, Sylvia Plath uses angels to symbolize the brightness and hope that ca-ca an otherwise bleak and dreary life livable. Clearly, angels, like our lives themselves, can have whatever meaning we choose endow upon them. In the arms of the angels, may you influence some comfort here.

The Teachings of Mathematics Education in America Essay -- miscellaneo

The Teachings of Mathematics Education in the StatesMath educators in the United States should stress the understanding of the postulateers and teach them to address certain understanding to succeed in mathematics. The connection between math understanding and the reading of math problems should be raised in smaller lay out levels so students have a better understand of math at younger ages. Yet it is not all the students part in learning the math, unspoiled also the educators part to teach the subject in an understanding manner using the curriculum and proper textbook. The rankings of mathematics in the United States are just barely above average compared to the world standards, and the preliminary studies show that the twelfth grade level tests are even lower and politics has to be goddam for this (Math and Learning).As teacher-educators and lifelong mathematics enthusiasts, we think that Americas problems with math are not new news they predate both the No minor Left Behind Act and the reform-math movement. To us, the story here is less about test scores and more about the nations attitudes toward math. Simply put, America is math-phobicto an extent that profoundly influences our countrys policies, teaching practices, and, ultimately, the performance of our students. (ERIC)The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) want to emphasis the basic skills taught in math classes as per their standards make in 2000. The old standards, made in the 1990s, stressed importance on new ideas, and integrated technology use to solve complex equations. Ms. Lappan, the president of NCTM said, That became, in some places and for some teachers, the goal. They missed the main goal that children become highly skilled in using mathematics Weve tried to be very pee-pee in the revised standards that mathematics is the goal. The proposals of the 1990 standards and the 1998 needing revisions said the sameMathematics teachers need to reach all children by offering a variety of instructional strategies that encourage students to learn the concepts that lie under the algorithms they are learning The changes, however, are unlikely to satisfy critics who find fault with the 1989 standards themselves, not just the way teachers and policymakers have implemented them. And they whitethorn also confuse and frustrate educators who have radically changed the way they teach... ...e poor teaching in the country.The Third International Mathematics and Science Study reprimand unequivocally United States students need to work toward a better, deeper understanding of mathematics--the how and why behind the equations. Without a clear, consistent vision for teaching math, in that respect is little feel for any of our children to ever meet these standards. And this vision must start with the people whose job it is to impart knowledge to them the teachers (ERIC).Political leaders of both parties have for certain recognized the need to address this crisis. Amer ica 2000, initiated by President Bush and adopted in somewhat different form as the Goals 2000 Act sign by President Clinton, calls for national standards in every educational discipline (Math and Learning).The teachings of math in this country affect students in many ways much(prenominal) as teachers that teach math, the government that doesnt support better funds for teaching math, the curriculum reform, and many more. Most of these things are not as palpable in society yet it still occurs. The students ranking so low in the world in math is not good at all, and there needs to be something done about the matter.

The Heathen Inside: Darkness, Abjection, and the Colonial Discourse :: Essays Papers

The Heathen Inside trace, Abjection, and the Colonial DiscourseIn Romanticism and Colonialism, Tim Fulford and Peter J. Kitson argue that few scholars explicate the relationship amid Romantic texts, British colonialism, and purplishism. Fulford and Kitson point out that the Romantic period is a watershed in colonial history, marking the inception of a British empire based on the political philosophy of the white mans burden (3). By reading Romantic texts in the historical and political mount of colonialism and imperialism, Fulford and Kitson hope to return Romantic texts to the context of material, colonial processes contemporaneous with their imagined versions of colonized people and places (9). In other words, Fulford and Kitson read Romantic texts as reflections of historical reality and as complex, ambivalent responses to colonial and imperial discourse. With the aim of returning Romantic texts to material, colonial processes, I will read Byrons poem Darkness through the lens of Julia Kristevas conception of abjection. My abject reading of Darkness will then explicate the relationship between the poem and the larger process of British colonialism and imperialism. I will first read Darkness for instances of abjection through the lens of Julia Kristevas 1982 essay, Approaching Abjection. I will then conclude by addressing the question of how an abject reading of Darkness helps to elucidate the complex interplay between Romanticism and British colonial and imperial discourse. Kristeva divides her 1982 essay, Approaching Abjection, into three main sections. In the first section, Neither Subject nor Object, Kristeva explains that the abject cannot be defined as either part of the self or as any other definable, tangible person or thing. For Kristeva, the abject seems to come from an outside or an exorbitant inside and is unassimilable (Kristeva 125). The self (I) rejects the abject because it comes from outside of the self and is foreign, strange, and beyo nd reason. Furthermore, abjection is paradoxical in that it has a capacity to both seduce and crime the self. As Kristeva says, a pole of attraction and repulsion (Kristeva 125) characterizes the relationship between the self and the abject. Kristeva also describes abjection as a collection of effects and thoughts (Kristeva 125) that escapes center and elicits a violent reaction from the self. Meaning collapses around the abject because it is neither subject nor object, neither self nor other, both repulsive and attractive not me. Not that. But not nothing either. A something that I do not recognize as a thing (Kristeva 126).

The Heathen Inside: Darkness, Abjection, and the Colonial Discourse :: Essays Papers

The Heathen Inside Darkness, Abjection, and the Colonial DiscourseIn wild-eyedism and Colonialism, Tim Fulford and motherfucker J. Kitson argue that few scholars explicate the relationship between Romantic texts, British colonialism, and imperialism. Fulford and Kitson point out that the Romantic period is a watershed in colonial history, marking the inception of a British empire based on the political philosophy of the white mans burden (3). By reading Romantic texts in the historical and political context of colonialism and imperialism, Fulford and Kitson hope to return Romantic texts to the context of material, colonial makees contemporaneous with their imagined versions of colonized people and places (9). In other words, Fulford and Kitson read Romantic texts as reflections of historical reality and as complex, ambivalent responses to colonial and imperial discourse. With the aim of returning Romantic texts to material, colonial processes, I will read Byrons meter Darkness t hrough the lens of Julia Kristevas conception of debasement. My abject reading of Darkness will then explicate the relationship between the poem and the larger process of British colonialism and imperialism. I will first read Darkness for instances of abjection through the lens of Julia Kristevas 1982 essay, Approaching Abjection. I will then conclude by addressing the question of how an abject reading of Darkness helps to elucidate the complex interplay between Romanticism and British colonial and imperial discourse. Kristeva divides her 1982 essay, Approaching Abjection, into three main sections. In the first section, Neither Subject nor Object, Kristeva explains that the abject cannot be defined as either part of the egotism or as any other definable, distinct person or thing. For Kristeva, the abject seems to come from an outside or an exorbitant inside and is unassimilable (Kristeva 125). The self (I) rejects the abject because it comes from outside of the self and is foreig n, strange, and beyond reason. Furthermore, abjection is paradoxical in that it has a capacity to both seduce and disgust the self. As Kristeva says, a pole of attraction and repulsion (Kristeva 125) characterizes the relationship between the self and the abject. Kristeva also describes abjection as a collection of effects and thoughts (Kristeva 125) that escapes meaning and elicits a violent reaction from the self. Meaning collapses around the abject because it is neither report nor object, neither self nor other, both repulsive and attractive Not me. Not that. But not nothing either. A something that I do not confess as a thing (Kristeva 126).

The Woodspurge Poem Analysis

The swipe flapped open, the interlace was still, Shaken out dead from partoeuver and hill I had walked on at the meanders ordain I sat now, for the construction was still.between my knees my forehead was My lips, drawn in, state non Alas My hair was over in the disclose, My sensitive ears comprehend the day pass.My eyes, wide open, had the run Of some x weeds to fix upon Among those few out of the sun, The woodspurge flowered, three cups in one and only(a).From perfect grief in that location use up not be Wisdom or even memory One affair then learnt remains to me The woodspurge has a cup of three.Illustration This poem took place in hill where the trees are shaken out by the wind and a field of grass where the hu homo in this poet saw woodspurge as one of the decennary weeds and grieving for his problem all day a wide as the wind blown. The poet described a visual imagery by points out what that man bottom see while grieving in field, such as in ninth and exth musical note My eyes, wide open, had the runOf some ten weeds to fix upon The tactile imagery as well as poop be found in seventh line My hair was over in the grass the touchs feel can be sensed when his hair is over the grass as he frame up his head to rest on it. Kinesthetic imagery, this motion happened when the man bent his head on to between his knees until his forehead touchthose knees in fifth line, shows a grieving move.The reciprocation wind in first stanza is a metaphore from a condition spirit or to a greater extent likely a determination, the wind itself got a personification in leash line, where the poet wrote I had walked on at the winds go forth . By stating that a wind could find a will like a people. Ironically, this man seems lack of determination, he besides move to somewhere as the wind guide him and stopped when the wind is gone.General MeaningIt is somewhat a man that cover with sadness and he seems lack of resolve, his body only move as the wind blows to somewhere else, until he found a bloomed woodspurge that makes him at ease.Detailed MeaningBefore we going more(prenominal) deeper in detailed meaning, it great power be wise to review the trivia fact about Dantes poem especially The Woodspurge. This poem were made more or less between 1828 1882, the period where nices were arisen. Meanwhile, in the year 1848, in that location was a movement by a group named Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and Dante was excessively one of the founder of this group.The groups intention is none other than to reject social-political theme in literary works and this group also establish Aestheticism movement, in the meaning of aestheticism as early as 1750, when the German philosopher, Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten, in his Aesthetica, used it to identify a separate branch of philosophy. He transform the original Greek usage of the word, applied to things perceived by the senses, into criticism of taste concerned exclusively with beauty. (De nney 38). So, theirs intention was to make a literary works let more aesthetic by reject the social-political theme.Due to its a poem full with aesthetic aspects, lets evaluate it from top to bottom. The wind flapped loose, the wind was still, with such words for an opening in first line, we can considered it is truly a sentence with aestheticisms beauty. Why so? It said that the wind flapped loose, those words flapped and loose are contradicts for each other. Flapped subject matter flutter, throb or thrashing which means it is conducted with so much power, on the other hand, the word loose means not tight, unconstrained and relaxed.A powerful wind with relaxed feeling, it made the readers willfeel the peculiar sensation by read it in matched tone, then it said that the wind was still. Wind, however, is a moving air and Dante wrote the wind with capabality to stand still, it just bring the imagination to the whole new level and violates the winds justice for suited to stagnate. I t is still acceptable in literary works and we can admire more the nature by imagining something that nature are not satisfactory to, though.Shaken out dead from tree and hill for the second line, it might have a denotation like this the winds shaken out dead from tree and hill. This may have a meaning that the winds able to advance the dead from tree and hill because shaken out have a meaning uncluttered, to cleanse and the word dead might a metaphor from sadness, anguish or misfortune. And the wind can simply took the sorrow out of the tree, still, the wind only pick out it and the melancholic trait that has been cleansed, may outgrowth again sometimes because its humane for it to happens. There is also potency that tree might a metaphor for a man but, in the next line, the poet already talked about it so this hypothesis could not fully-accurately correct.I had walked on at the winds will the third line is about a man that always seems walk as the winds guidance. There is als o an old proverb that said only dead fish follow the stream which is matched with the inner meaning in the third line. By not having a spirit of independency, this man chose to follow the data track that the wind makes for him. But, what makes this man would did such a not-manly act? It should have a relation with a word in previous line, dead. The poet used the word dead to emphasize the next lines meaning or this lines, it is an anguish that made the man paralyzed, not able doing something by himself. I sat now, for the wind was still.At least, in the fourth line, this man stopped because the same thing also happened to the wind, it become stagnate just like in the first lines point. The man do nothing but sit, seems waiting for another wind to guide him again. If we stop too in this line, we can see the voidness in the mans mind, he would be daydreaming or blank-staring his surrounding. This emptiness of his mind has lead to something that might be crucial and it is a lack of fa ith. If a faithful person even without resolve in his heart, experiencing the same condition, he might pray to his God instead ofdaydreaming and communicate for His guidance to overcome this stranded plight. Overall, the first stanza was merely an intro for the next stanzas, obviously.By completely talking about the setting of place in first stanza that were a hill with trees and gust of relaxing wind, it is included as somewhat parts of aestheticism. The first reason, of course, it was not social-political themed stanza, the next reason is everything can be shifted with aesthetic element and in aesthetic forms, cruelty becomes imagination Something is excised from the living, from the body language, from tones, from visual experience. (Adorno 68).Everything in each stanza in this poem have relation with Adornos opinion about aesthetic forms, for instance, in the first stanza it is about a man that grieving and let the winds dictates him, however it is just an imagination that com es from cruelty. It will be far more cruel if there were man that actually looks like in this poem. And the another aspect in Adornos opinion will be discussed later on. among my knees my forehead was My lips, drawn in, said not Alas My hair was over in the grass,My naked ears heard the day pass. (5th 8th line)The second stanza have a repetition of words my, the possesion form of me and I. Besides of granting this poem with aestheticism by doing those repetition, there is also another meaning behind it. The poet intends to fill the second stanza with self-importance because my in this faux pas representing an ego, a personality. Though, the second stanza mostly illustrate the mans body language, how he faced the void that he experienced. It cover up the fourth lines hypothesis, that the man is not doing nothing at all, he make a motion to uncover his agony by doing this and that. Between my knees my forehead was this line depicts his current position, he bent his body forward a nd place his head on his knees till his forehead touched it.That gesture shows him in an awful state of mind and insecure feelings, he might be grieving for his mistakes in the past or others problem that he has in his life. Moreover, this gesture was commonly known to express the deep suffering of mind and usually followed by tears that overflowing from the eyes, however, he did not cry at all. In matter of fact, he is a man and it is weird for even a man to cry for whatever the burden that he bear becausein those time, the immemorial era, it is a time where the man always described as tough being and crying is for a women. So, even he has a big problem, he would not cry no matter what the problem is.My lips, drawn in, said not Alas in sixth line, it can be judged how big his misery is. even so a word can not describe it, his lips drawn in means he does not even have a persuasiveness to speak any words, yet, he want to yell Alas for blowing off the steam but that word were not e ven match with his pain. Looks like his impatience would multiplied for not being able to cried it outloud, still we can see him as a man with full of patience for being able to surpress his offense over his misery. My hair was over in the grass, in the seventh line is representation of anti-climax if we assume that the sixth line was a climax. In this line, it can be implied that he finally lie his body over the grass till the poet depicts it with his hair was over on the grass. It can be also stated that this man was already in stage of acceptance for lying his body over the grass, it seems he already accept the truth or the cruelty in his life.My naked ears heard the day pass by lying around after sitting with full of misery in the previous line, the eighth line delimit that the day has passed casually. In this line too, the poet combined two things that will not relate to each other yet he succeed to make it become one, Dante clarified that ears can heard the sound of the day pass by. It is weird to even imagining how the day passs sound, though. Nevertheless, Dante prevailed to make impression to the reader that it might have a peaceful or calm sound because it is the first time in this poem he describe the audible situation. Dante did not put any weird sound before, and yet the man in this poem heard something, so, it should be the sound of the tranquility. My eyes, wide open, had the runOf some ten weeds to fix upon (9th 10th line)Unlike the previous lines that analyzed one by one, the ninth and tenth line have to be evaluated as one wholeness because it seems to affiliated yet separated as divers(prenominal) line, this poem were written in iambic tetrameter anyway, and it would ruin the artistic part of the poem if those line were in one line. Thus, the man eyes widely open and he saw ten weeds near him, there is no special metaphor linked with these lines. Even so, this is also the first time in this poem for the man to pay attention to his surr oundingwith his own very eyes.The previous panorama or adorn that described by the poet in preceding line were merely the poets imagery, not the mans visual imagery. It is as well as the Adornos opinion previously, aetheticism can be reached by showing a visual experience, now the man had his eyes widely open and saw ten several(a) weeds, which is nice. It also means that the field were full with green-coloured scenery due to all those weeds, green is categorized as bright colour which is can also means a happiness, merry, just like springs scape. Although, he finally notice his surrounding, in no matter of time, he quickly noticed that there were ten kind of weed based in his vision. Is he a botanist? Or nature lovers? For immediately knowing there were ten different plant may be his brief assumption, but that is not the point in here, right? The truly case were located in next line and these lines were just an intro to lead this points in there. Among those few out of the sun,Th e woodspurge flowered, three cups in one. (11st 12nd line)The eleventh line implied the situation is happened in daytime for sun lightened those plants on the field. If we paid more attention, the third stanza were less with grieving content, everything gradually become more serene. No more sadness, no more wistful part in this stanza because the man just back to his senses, previously, he just a hollow-vessel with nothing to struggle for. Finally, he noticed his surrounding and even the smallest detail like the ten weeds, although he only noticed the woodspurge for the most, a plant with All parts are highly toxic by ingestion sap may progress to skin and eyes. (Plant Selector).Euphorbia amygdaloides var. Robbiae is the another name for woodspurge, and it is unique for having three cups in one. Usually, The mature flowers take a Single form, with an approximate petal bet of 2 (Plant Database). So, it is rare occasion for found a three-petal woodspurge, In addition, a clover plan ts mostly have three petals and myths said that clover with four-leaves will bring a luckiness to the person who found it. Thus, what is the meaning behind from found a three-petals woodspurge? Will they bring fortune to whoever found it? Well, I rest my case for this aside and some professional said the flower reminds us of the central mystery of Christianity the Holy Trinity of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost the Trinity that breaks the rule offate. (Nield). And how it can related to aestheticism?As a commoner, I put simply the metaphor of woodspurge is a faith in God. It all makes sense, at the first, he wander aimlessly seeking for nothing as the wind guides him until he stopped in peculiar area where he found a three-petals woodspurge that makes him in ease. Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, however, have a goal to make literary works become more aesthetic, more religious and have more connection with nature to confront Victorians literary works that full with socio-political, overly -scientific literary works which made the peoples faith fade away deliberately. From perfect grief there need not beWisdom or even memory (13rd 14th line) Again, these lines have to consider as one unity, and it have a deepful meaning in this part. The poet chose the word perfect to make the readers feel the absolute depression that the man had, it is not for asking a pitiness to the man, it is about sending a message. After that man saw a woodspurge, his mind became soften then he learnt something you will got nothing from grief, not even wisdom or even memory.Which means there is no value for being blue over something, and its said that not even a sad memory will retain in mind, something that started with tragedy or bad things will certainly ended with tragedy too. It is true, though, and every one would not keep something bitter in their head for a long time. Somebody might choose to erase or pretend for bad incident that have occured instead of mourning it endlessly because i n the end those memories will washed away for sure. One thing then learnt remains to me The woodspurge has a cup of three. (15th 16th line) In this last two lines, the poet expressed the important thing as a friendly reminder for him. In the end, he finally have one thing to learn that woodspurge has a cup of tree which also have another meaning, if he become stuck in grief again, he should remember that there are God and his kindness that always guide him in to right path and it symbolized with three-petals woodspurge. Therefore, the last stanza is endearment of his sorrow because he certainly re-ignited his faith with natures help indirectly.ConclusionDante Gabriel Rossetti, one of the founder of Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, vowed to make a movement for opposing the Victorians mediocre literature work theme such a socio-political, science and industries that overwhelming in those times. Dante and his confidant, thus imbued Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhoods era with Aetheticism, that mor e linked with nature, faith and religion in sense of beauty nuance. This poem, nevertheless, were reflectioned to the people at those times, when the religion and faith were not as strong as before.Dante used wind as representation of nature and as a device to mediate people until their faith bring around again, just like in this poem. Thanks to the wind, that grieving man led to a woodspurge that reminds him to his God. And it is all the Dante wanted, he wished that every people would not forget and turn in in their faith. If they did, just remember how beautiful the world it is and eventually they will keep in their mind that everything were a Gods creation.

Methaphor & Metonymy – Condensation & Displacement.Doc

Displacement a shift or move in the unconscious when the mind redirects a thought or word dangerous or unacceptable and substitutes it with a more affable thought or word. Condensation where all the different elements, bits and pieces of thought and dreams combine into one to make sense. In this counsel they can stand for several different thoughts, feelings, wishes, ideas, etc. For Freud, condensation and displacement / substitution were officed as a defense mechanism to contain belligerent and sexual impulses and hide the true unconscious thought (anxiety).Brought to light through slips, jokes and dreams, these little bits of language produce the whole picture. The Signorelli example, from The psychopathology of everyday life is a fine example of displacement and linguistics. Travelling through Bosnia, Herzegovina Freud forgets the name of a famous painter Signorelli. Two other less familiar names act to mind Botticelli and Boltraffio.By combining different bits and parts of th e words Signorelli, Botticelli, Boltraffio and Bosnia, Herzegovina, he realises the repressed thought (death and sexuality regarding a patient). A further example comes from jokes and their coitus to the unconscious, during a conversation Hirsch Hyacinth of Hamburg Pottery agent and extractor of corns, recalls a meeting with the wealthy Baron Rothschild where Rothschild treated him as his equal quite famillionairely. (Condensation attended by the formation of a substitute)Metaphor A figure of idiom in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or concept it does not literally denote in order to suggest comparison with its basic meaning ( similes = suppress). A rough man. Metonymy is a figure of speech that consists of the use of the name of one object or concept for that of another to which it is related or which it is a part i. e. substitution of one word for another. (metonymy combines). The loving cup was drunk. Jacques Lacan (1901-1981) believed that the human psyche i s found in language.He thought it an extremely important part of Freuds understanding of the unconscious. He wanted to expand on Freuds work or condensation and displacement. Using metaphors and metonymy Lacan related directly to Freuds thinking in terms of condensation and displacement in so far as the original is changed and a new idea concept is formed. He placed great importance on linguistics (phonemes, multiple use of the same material, double meaning, puns etc) in relation to slips and Para praxes .He relied on the borrowed work of a number of linguistics in this regard. The linguist, De Saussure believed the relationship amidst words were greater than objects. Two elements combine in a relationship called signifi computed axial tomographyion to produce the linguistic sign. There must be both a signifier (idea) and signified (concept). Lacan noticed the similarities between Saussure and Freuds work in relation to signifier and signified. In Freuds representation S/s the sig nified slips beneath the signifier.A second linguistic, Roman Jacobson believed the production of language twofold. Selection / substation and combination of the linguistic units. He gives an excellent example of the use of metaphor and metonymy. Quoting from Lewis Carrols, Alices Adventures in Wonderland Did you say pig or fig? said the cat. I said pig, replied Alice. (Baby to pig suggests a person who is not nice). Other examples include, the Cheshire cat (grin like a Cheshire cat). The March Hare (as mad as a March Hare) etc, etc.

Tom’s Shoes

Toms Shoes Richard Morrow EMK 3601 Principles of Marketing October 28, 2012 The baby boomer generation may be a difficult group to reach for this comp some(prenominal). First I gullt think canvas shoes argon primary footwear for this group. The ad campaign they study possibly will not reach them a uniform as most of it is done thru the internet and unconventional media outlets. I also dont think they will react well to the buy one set of shoes and they will donate a pair on your behalf. I believe they will be skeptical about who the shoes will be donated to.They are a bit more financially conservative when it comes to acquire things that are not essential. The generation X group would be a better target for Toms Shoes than the baby boomer generation. They are a group that in general engages in outside activities than previous generations. These shoes are good for outside activities. This group grew up wearing vans and airwalks so they may like the nostalgia of their youth with t hese shoes. They may be receptive to the buy a pair of shoes if another pair gets donated to muckle in the tierce world countries.They will respond to the advertisements better than the baby boomer generation as they have in general more experience with internet advertisement avenues. They also in general like to be a part of helping out people which are not that well off. The millennials generation would be the best generation to target for Toms shoes. They are a generation that has worn canvas shoes most of their lives. This generation is the first to have digital technology all of their life. This will make them very comfortable looking at the advertisements sent thru social media, the website, and other electronic means.The group also is likely to post it online without any request from Toms shoes. They also are likely to spread the information that is posted online hoping to get more people participating in the cause. They will also be responsive to donating as they have not had the opportunity previously to help society as a generation. I think Toms shoes does well in walking the fine line between increased sales and facing charges of developing of third world people. He does well in that he posts exactly how many shoes have currently been given away. In 2010 he verbalise that they have given away more than 600,000 pairs of shoes.He is also very clear on the ratio of shoes bought and shoes donated. Their does not appear to be any hidden things with the proceeds. It is not like the things that say a portion of proceeds goes to charity. I think some people buy his shoes because they feel like they are personally making a difference in the world. They also identify with the companys views in helping humanity halt of malady by providing shoes to halt the diseases.Work Cited Kotler, Philip, and Gary Armstrong. Principles of Marketing. Boston Pearson Prentice Hall, 2012. Print.

Guitar Concert Reaction Paper Essay

The guitar concert last September 7 2012 was indeed a show not to miss. It presented various styles and techniques that created a re every last(predicate)y wonderful flip-flop of art. There were many factors that make the concert more than pleasing to the spectators that were present that night. First was the aura that the concert created, it was calm yet powerful which in my channelise of view really made the concert not boring or easy to fall asleep. The way the guitar, violin and the Chapman stick were played together was in truth above the normal capabilities of a trained person. It was really harmonious as if the players were unconsciously playing their instruments. It was really like it was a part of their body. Next, I go forth focus on the three instruments present in the concert and point them out individually and their effect on the quartet. First is the violin and the violinist. The violin was a great builder of harmony in the quartet as it balances the missing pieces that the guitar and the Chapman stick was not able to provide. Considering the fact that the violin as a private instrument is already good enough, its incorporation with the quartet was truly heavenly.The violinist was really good and truly a master in his give rights. His solos were magnificent and it was like he was playing with his heart out. I think that is the secret when it comes not only when playing a violin or any other instruments but also in all art forms for it to be considered successful. Next are the guitar and the guitarist. As a guitar player I am amazed on how Sir Nobel executed not only his solos but all his performances that night. He did not strum that much but he performed a very wonderful series of plucking. The guitar piece for The Swan was the most wonderful part of the concert because of his resiliency in the manner of his playing. It was like he really made the guitar sound like piano it was really just magical. Lastly, the Chapman stick and Miss Clutar io. It was fun to see an uncommon instrument played for public.At first I was really curious on how the instrument will sound like and after she pluck/tapped the string I felt happy and not disappointed that I attended the concert. The fact that it was a dual type of instrument is outstanding. Its ability to play both rhythm and bass was just awesome. To sum it all up my experience in the guitar concert was truly worth it. I think it should cost more than a hundred but considering the fact that Im kind off short on money, 100 is just enough. The harmony between the three was perfect that I have chills down my pricker when the quartet performed with the Chapman stick and Miss Clutarios voice so heavenly. Finally the concert is really a form of getaway for it helped me relax and forget all my problems in life.

Assessment and Treatment Exercise

Jesminder Jess Kaur Bhamra presents today with difficulties she is having at home. She comes from a actually traditional and strict Indian family where gender roles be clearly defined. Women are expected to learn to cook and care for their husbands, who are, of course, expected to be the sole breadwinners. She states that she loves and respects her parents as well as their traditions entirely feels much(prenominal) traditions are antiquated. She has decided to seek counseling because of her recent encounter with her mother. Jess does not wish to take on the traditional role of young Indian women, who conjoin young and desire a husband.She is very assertive and wants to break out of the mold, being something different than what is expected. I evaluate this as a typical boyish issue, a growing pain, if you will that is being trivialized by her parents. Jess is at a crossroads. It is normal to desire to please unmatchables parents and Jess inescapably to evaluate her motives for doing what she wants for herself and what her parents desires. lymph gland Motivation Jess sees herself as a fe potent version of her hero, David Beckham, competing in soccer rather than cooking for an acceptable Indian man as tradition dictates.She has posters of him mean all over her bedroom. She watches him so intensely on television that she is not even always aware that her parents are calling her. She jokes every chance she gets with her manlike counterparts in the park. She even harbours up a rouse of a summer job to secretly participate on an all girl team. She is also stain aware by her teammates and aim that there is a real possibility that her dream of monkeying professionally may be realized Client Resources (strengths) Jess exercises and practices frequently. Her coach and peers encourage her and let her know how good of a adopter she is.The guys that she plays with at the park come to her games to cheer her on. Jess is highly disciplined. She takes her traini ng seriously and has a very loving and supporting family. She states that her mother always wants the best for she and her child and that she is always concerned with their well-being. Jess can talk to her father about anything that is going on in her life and most of the time, he is very understanding. She and her sister have a close bond. Her relationship with her sister, Pinky, is one of the things that enables her to continue on.Pinky covers for Jess so that she can continue to play soccer. She encourages her to do her best and not to worry about other peoples opinions about what she is doing. Jess also mentions Jules, a teammate who is going through a similar situation with her own family and has been able to relate to her struggles. They are a tower of strength to each other. In addition to sheer determination, these are things that keep Jess focused on her goals. Interpersonal functioning Jesss peers share her interests. She has a few peers that are boy crazy but she does n ot really bring up out with them.Jess has slowly begun to detach herself from them because they cannot understand why she would rather get sweaty and dirty than go shopping with them. She also has an understanding coach, Joe. Joe has helped her break out of her casing by allowing her to accept herself. She was very afraid to play in short pans because of the burns she encountered as a child. Joe showed her his scar and she is no longer afraid to play in short pants. This new level of acceptance has propelled her into a greater realm of possibilities. No one on her team comments about it.One of her peers from the park do a comment but she was very resilient to it and it has not been an issue since. She has made a healthy adjustment to her circumstances and not let a deformity discourage or predict her future. Intrapersonal function According to Jess, going against her mothers wishes is like rejecting her own culture. The reason that she feels this way is because she believes that she has nothing in common with the majority of her peers, especially those within her culture. Her priorities clash with her mothers expectations.Jess believes her mother wants her to be more feminine like her sister and that her mother value matrimony over independence. Even though she has now surrounded herself with people that are interested in the same things she is, she can not help but feel alone. As much as her friends want to be there for her they do not understand why she can not just insure her mother what she really wants to do and her peers have a hard time letting her deal with the situation. They do not understand her traditions. Even though her sister has always been there for her, Pinky is more traditional.Jess is the only female in her immediate cultural surroundings that has an unusual aspiration and she is trying to assess her feelings. She needs to determine if she is doing the remunerate thing. Without any female role models in her culture to model, it is an e ven more difficult feat. As much as she wants to follow her dreams and make soccer her profession, she is also feeling torn inside. Ethic/Culture/Gender considerations In Indian culture one of the most important things there is, is wedding and family. It is un hypothesizeable for a daughter to go against her parents wishes and most importantly playing such a masculine sport like soccer.According to Jess girls are supposed to empower a great emphasis on learning how to be a good homemaker and making their husband happy and then they can think about such things as education and other interests they may have. In Indian society an arranged spousal relationship is seen as an act of love. Since marriage in their culture is one of the most important decisions a person will ever make and because divorce is not accepted among most Indians, it is important that the marriage choice is carefully thought out and planned.The family, usually the parents, look for certain traits in a marriage pa rtner. Some desirable traits looked for in both male and female are things like marking levels of education, matching cultures, close parental cities and matching religions. There are however times when a love match happens as it was in the case of Pinky and her fiance. A love match is much like an American marriage, where the two fall in love. However, in Jesss case her interest in soccer was not going to be accepted that easily. Her situation went beyond what any elder in her family would ever understand.For them, eyesight Jess run around in a pair of shorts playing a game that is considered a men sport would bring much disbelieve to their whole family. Her culture does not accept any form of homosexuality. She almost destroyed her sisters chances of get married because the fiances family thought they saw her kissing a girl. She and Jules were joking around on a bus stop and it was misinterpreted by Pinkys future in-laws. It brought temporary put down to her family. Her cultu re is very keen on respecting parents and obeying their wishes.This is why the secret that she keeps is causing her so much turmoil. Her family is deeply religious and she has to participate in various rituals that throw in with her ability to play soccer. Developmental considerations If Jess were to be a regular girl growing up in the United States the problem that she is going through magnate not be such a big deal with any other family. There are some families who would love to have a all-around(prenominal) teen-ager who is staying out of trouble and has not given into peer pressure to follow any trends.For a 17 year-old Jess is very mature and is able to analyze the consequences that her actions ability bring. She is mature enough to understand that she is caught between what she wants and what her parents want for her and was able to seek out the help that she needs in order to address her problem. Inferences and Judgments Jess is a rattling(prenominal) young lady. She is v ery grounded and disciplined. She has great friends. One of the young men she pals around with even offered to marry her so that she can pursue her dream. She was offered a scholarship to play soccer and she does not know how to inform her parents about it.Given her history and her internal conflict, I am confident that Jess will make the right decision and right choices for her family and her future. Summary Practitioners impressions, including the initial problem targeted for treatment When I first met with Jess I believed her to be a well-rounded person that really knew what she wanted. She has a lot of things going in her favor such as having a muscular support system that she can count on and having a strong sense of self when it comes to what she wants out of life.She is lacking the confidence and courage to confront her mother and let her know what she wants out of life. Identification of goals Some of the goals we have square off during our sessions involve ways of solving her dilemma with her family. Her father has change by reversal aware of her situation and she was allowed to play in the tournament. She has made immense progress by allowing one of her parents to become her ally. She needs to build and strengthen her relationship with her mother and allow her mother to come to terms with her decisions. She also needs to stand firm on her beliefs.Jess must learn to combine her interests and goals for the future with her cultural influence. She also needs to learn to be more constructive in her way of handling others opinions of her culture. She had become very upset on the field when a young lady called her a Paki. She began fighting with her. She and Joe have developed feelings for each other. She must work getting her parents to accept this because he is not of her culture. Overall, she has made tremendous progress and at this point, she seems sufficient enough to execute these goals without further intervention.

Vocabulary Words APUSH

William Crawford he ran as a Democratic Republican candidate for Preside .NET of the get together States in 1 824 his greatest political enemy was buttocks C. Calhoun, who was initi bothy in favor of the protective e tariff, internal improvements, & the national curse he returned to Georgia and was appointed judge of the northern circuit move in 1827 6. Andrew bring upon he was the jump President from the West he was like Thou magnifiers, he sought to reduce role of federal government cropivity in favor of states rights he did not like hydrogen Clays American Sys stem 7. John C. Calhoun -? he served as secretary of war under mob Monroe.In the e Election of 1 824, he was elected wrong president under John Quince Adams. In the Election of 1828, he retained the vice preside once, this time under Andrew Jackson 8. Revolution of 1828 balance of power shifting from the East to expanding west. America, until now, had been ruled by educated wee Itty elites -? Federalist shipper s and Jeffersonian planters 9. Spoils governance the method of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power. President Jackson made more staff interchanges than any previous president, firing g galore(postnominal) people and replacing them with his own 0.Tariff of Abominations In 1828, the linked States government increased the prices of their imported goods by as much as 50 percent. due s asideh Carolina maintain that these taxes on imports were unfair a s a tax on Southern agriculture for the benefit of Northern industry 11 . Denmark Vessel He was a free black slave who lived in the Carolinas and led a slave rebellion in Charleston in 1822. This slave rebellion was expose of what led to the anxieties of the South especially in South Carolina. The Missouri Compromise and the slave rebellion ca determinationd the South to worry about Federal government mediate CE in slavery 12.South Carolina Exposition & Protest It was draf ted secretly by Episodes .NET John C. Calhoun, and presented to the states House of Representatives on December 1 9 by a special committee charged WI the formulating a response to the federal protective tariff passed earlier that year. Although not adopted by the House, 4,000 coop sees of the states rights manifesto were printed and distributed at state expense it proposed that each state in the union counter the tyranny of the majority by asserting the right to nullify an unconstitutional act of Congress 3.Nullification the streetlights doctrine that a state can refuse to recognize e or to enforce a federal law passed by the United States Congress 14. Tariff of 1832 it lowered duties to 35% from about 50%, or the 1824 level it fell far short of meeting all of the Southern demands South Carolina called upon state legislature to make necessary mil tart preparations if President Jackson tried to send troops to enforce this act 15.Tariff of 1833 -? it was authored by Henry Clay, and it was a compromise o n duties it defused the sectional crisis and set out timetable for staged reductions in import duties that put these taxes on a d frontward path until 1 860 16. Force Bill it would allow the President of the United States to enforce a f deader law without permission of Congress it also gave humorists to use the navy to board ships and collect duties before the eye reach S. C. 17.Five Civilized Tribes the Indian nations (the Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choc scats, Creeks, and Seminole) that lived in the Southeastern United States until the 1 8205, most of whom were removed to the Indian Territory from 183042 most of them had et up formal governments before removal modeled after the U. S. Government NT 18. Indian Removal Act Congress orders that all native people living in t he southeastern part Of the country be relocated to a newly designated territory west of the disseminated multiple sclerosis River 19.Trail of Tears the forcible relocation and movement of Native Americans , including many members of the Cherokee, Creek, Seminole,and Choctaw nations among others in the United States, fro m their homelands to Indian Territory (present day Oklahoma) in the Western United States 20. Bureau of Indian Affairs a division of the Department of the Interior that administers federal programs benefiting Native Americanization. 21 . Black Hawk the leader of a cabal of Auk and Fox Indians. Antagonistic to whites settling in his peoples territory, he joined the British in several battles in the War of 1812.In 1832, he led his pep defense across the Mississippi to resist further white encroachments. The Illinois militia began attacking Black Hawk and his people in 1832, and Black Hawk was absorbn captive the following year. 22. Solaces rose to prominence during the Second Seminole War, where his brilliant guerrilla tactics in the Florida swamps earned him the admiration and respect of the many United States Army built in bed RSI who tried t o capture him. Solaces and other Seminole refused to sign the Treaty Of Fort Gibson, which would have ceded their Florida homeland.In December 1835, during what became known as the Second Seminole War (183542), Solaces and a baa ND followers ambushed and killed a government agent, Wiley Thompson, and several others. Army troops arrested him in Cot beer 1837, while under a flag of truce. He was imprisoned, first at Fort Marion in SST. Augustine, Florida, and later at Fort Mom letter, near Charleston, South Carolina 23. 2nd Bank of the US was the most powerful bank in the country. Its pres dent, Nicholas Fiddle, set policies that controlled the countrys money supply. President Jackson abominated the bank. He thought t had too much power.He felt that the banks policies favored wealthy people and prejudice the average person. To operate, the bank needed a charter from the federal government. Its charter was scheduled to expire in 1836. But Fiddle asked Congress to Rene ewe it in 183 2. That was an pick year. Fiddle thought that Jackson would agree to the renewal and not risk being defeated. But Jackson took the risk. Jackson vetoed Congresss renewal of the banks charter. He said the bank was unconstitutional al. The Supreme Court had ruled that the bank was constitutional. But Jackson claimed that elected officials could judge whether a law was constitutional for themselves.They did not have to affirm on the Court. Jacksons opposition to the bank was a major sis u in the 1832 election. The people agreed with Jackson. After Jackson worn, he set out to destroy the bank. He took federal m none out of the national bank and put it in state banks. As a result, the national bank went out of existence 24. Nicholas Fiddle became president of the Second Bank of the United Stats sees in 1823, vowing to create an actual national currency and to achieve a more enlarged development of its resources and a wider extension of its sphere of usefulness. 25. Bank Charter Searc hing for an issue to use against Jackson in the preside initial case of 1832, Clay forced Jacksons hand on the Bank. Clay convinced Fiddle to apply to Congress for a new chart err, even though the authentic charter would not expire until 1836. Confident of congressional approval, Clay reasoned that he had Jackson trapped. If Jackson went along with he new charter, Clay could take credit for the measure. If he vetoed it, Clay co old attack Jackson as the enemy of a sound banking system. Clays clever strategy backfired.Jackson turned on him and t he Bank with a vengeance. As he told his heir apparent, The bank, Mr.. Van Burden, is trying to kill me, but I will kill it Jacks n and his advisers realized that the Bank was vulnerable as a symbol of privileged monopoly, a monstrous institution that d prided common Americans of their right to argue equally for economic advantage. Moreover, many of these advisers were also state bankers and local developers, who caked Jackson precisely b ecause they wanted to be free of federal restraints on their business activities. 26.Bank cast out On July 10, 1832, Jackson vetoed the recharging bill for the B ann. in a message that appealed both to state bankers and to foes Of all banks. He took a ringing stand against all new grants Of monopolies an d exclusive privileges, against any prostitution of our Government to the advancement of the few at the expense of the many. 27. Intimations Party It was based on distrust and dislike of the secretive Freemasons. Outrage reached a fever pitch in the I ate asses and early asses, fueled by the 1826 disappearance of William Morgan, a bricklayer who had written a book about the societys alleged secrets.The Masons were rumored to have murdered him. In 1831, the is party became the first to select its presidential nominee at a national convention, and the first to issue a party platform. Thee r candidate William Wire carried Vermont in 1832 but could not even come close to ousting And rew Jackson from the administration y. The party soon died out, and many members became Whig. 28. Democratic Party Favored local rule, Favored Limited Go Vermont, Favored Free Trade, Favored Equal economic Opportunity for White Males, Opposed Monopolies, Opposed a National Bank, Opposed High Tariffs, Opposed High Land Prices. 9. Pet banks On September 1 0, 1833, Jackson removed all federal funds from the Second B ann. of the U. S. , redistributing them to these various state banks 30. Specie Circular -? in 1836, Prestidigitation authorized the exchequer to issue a decree that required all public lands to be purchased with hard, or metallic, money. This drastic SST pep slammed the brakes on the speculative boom, a kneecapping change of direction that contributed to a financial panic and CRA h in 1837. 31.

Conflict Management Plan Essay

CompetingThe strength maybe that one person bequeath see the benefits.The weakness forget be that the other person in the issue will not benefit the same or at all at the other person in the situation and does not consider the other in the situations.CollaboratingThe strength is when both(prenominal) parties involved in the issue propose to solve the problem by discussing the differences instead than by accommodating, therefore they benefit from the results.The weakness maybe if both parties agree to re solve the issue but privynot discuss the differences in their issues.AvoidingThe strength is when the parties refine to move on from the issue and not cause a big deal over it.The weakness maybe that by dismissing the issue it will never get resolved.AccommodatingThe strength is when one party involve is willing to be the bigger person and let the other party involve advance the situation, in wander to keep the peace.The weakness maybe that the person who is willing to let the other win the issue. They will never resolve the issue amongst them and it is possible that it can be brought up in another situation.CompromisingThe strength can be that the issue will be solved and both parties neither win nor lose.The weakness maybe that both parties imbibe to give up something in order for the issue to be resolved. Also, both parties to the issue will have incomplete satisfaction.2.Which of the available conflict management strategies is most appropriate for the current situation with David and James? Provide your rationale, including what factors you considered in making your selection. Your response should be at least 100 words.In James and David situation, the most appropriate conflict management strategy will be the Collaborating and Compromising strategy. According to Robbins and tag (2011), collaborating is when both individuals involved are in the agreement to solve the conflict in order to get hold of each individual involved happy. It is believed t hat David and James should clack about the issue and try get to the bottom of where the issue or conflict began.Therefore, when James and David come to an agreement to collaborate and solve the issue, both can be happy with the outcome because not one or the other made the choice alone it was a team effort. In addition, using the compromising strategy has some similar effects to the collaborating strategy, however, in this case there is no win or lose situation. Both James and David will have to compromise in making a decision in which will not benefit them both, but it will solve the issue.3. If the selected strategy is not successful, what is your leaf strategy? Provide your rationale for this selection. Your response should be at least 100 words. In James and David situation if the first strategies do not work, the sec appropriate conflict management strategy would be to use the accommodating strategy. Robbins and Judge (2011) states that, accommodating is when individual inv olved in the conflict put the outflank interest of the other party before themselves. This strategy may be tricky because in order for this to work, David or James will have to make a choice to put the other person in front of themselves. As a result, this strategy can strengthen James and David friendship because they will see that no matter what, one of them is willing to accommodate the other in order to keep the peace.4.What potential road blocks might be encountered in resolving the conflict? How would you address these? Your response should be at least 100 words. 5. In James and David Situation the potential road blocks that might be encountered are communication, structure and personal variable. Robbins and Judge (2011) states that, communication, structure and personal variables my not directly lead to conflict however they are necessary in order for conflict to arise. When there is not communication between to individuals problems will arise. Moreover, I would address the issue by using one of the conflict resolution strategies such(prenominal) as the collaborating. I would set James and David to communicate with each other and discuss the issue and try to resolve it amongst each other. Hope the outcomes between both individual is to resolve the conflict.ReferenceRobbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2011). Organizational behavior (14th ed.). Upper Saddle River,NJ Pearson/Prentice Hall.University of Phoenix. (2012). University of Phoenix Material Conflict Management PlanPlan. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, MGT/311 organizationalDEVELOPMENT website.University of Phoenix. (2012). Riordan Manufacturing Virtual Organization Multimedia.Retrieved from University of Phoenix, MGT/311 Organizational Development website.

How to Improve Our Government Essay

People every day earn mistakes, and find flaws in their everyday tasks. No one person in this country can consider his, or herself, perfect. intentional plurality do exist in this world though, and our presidential term strives to find and elect these representatives. These representatives thusly make decisions that affect our country in expressive styles some energy find positive, though former(a)s perceive as negative. Representatives could make decisions that would only impact our government in a negative way. Our government has its flaws, along with the people running it. I can think of several ways to help to improve the government and its efficiency.A decrease in government funding for our National Defense would increase funding in other important areas. People across our nation indispensableness jobs, and are struggling to find a get-go of income. If we used some of the funding that we attribute to our Nation Defense, then this money might benefit in the use of creatin g new jobs and opportunities for people. Not only would we have money to provide jobs, but this funding could be used to help create and search for new information in the field of Cancer Research.The government funds provide people that lack occupations and have no source of income, with a reliable way of obtaining money for themselves to provide for his or her, and/or his or her family. These welfare recipients may draw unemployment after applying and run across the requirements need to obtain this welfare money. These requirements may not be strict enough, which would lead to the allowance of the jobless to gather money while being lazy in the process. Due to the lack of work ethical code found in people, drug use may attribute to this laziness. A requirement may need to be added in order for the recipients to pass a drug test (a test for multiple drugs) in order to draw unemployment, in return saving the wasted money the government provides to the unworthy.The government could place much of their funding in renewable energy sources. The post installation outcome of these windmills, energy providing dams, and so on would help save money later on in the future. With these funds being provided to help Go Green, the earth itself would take a drastic increase in cleanliness. The government then might avoid conflictswith foreign nations in the search for the fossil fuels, of which we currently use as energy. Doing this might then allow us to pull our troops out of these foreign nations, saving lives and money provided for the troops.The government has a reliable system that has gotten our country out of some troubled times, and may be one of the close united governments the world has seen. As previously stated though, nothing and no single person is perfect. With these low changes in the way the government goes about, it may impact funding, our unity, and occupations for the people of the United States, allowing people to live and prosper, with emancipatio n and peace throughout.

Edward Said Essay

Edwars Said was born a Palestinian Arab in Jerusalem in 1935, and was American through his father, Wadie Sad, who was a U.S. Citizen. Wadie Sad, his father moved to Cairo, before the birth of his countersign . He spent much of his childhood travelling back and forth from Cairo to Jerusalem, visiting relatives. Sad verbalize that in his childhood he sustaind amongst knowledge domains like Cairo (Egypt) and in Jerusalem (Palestine). here are some of his give-and-takes from this period of flavor I was an uncomfortably anomalous student all in all through my early years a Palestinian going to school in Egypt, with an English number one name, an American passport, and no certain identity at all. To make matters worse, Arabic, my native language, and English, my school language, were inextricably complex I have never known which was my first language, and have felt fully at planetary house in neither, although I dream in both. Every time I speak an English moveence, I find mys elf echoing it in Arabic, and vice versaIn 1951, Sad was expelled from Victoria College for being a troublemaker, and was sent from Egypt to the United States, where he had a miserable year of feeling out of place yet he excelled academically, achieving the rank of either first or second in a class of one deoxycytidine monophosphate sixty students. He matured into an intellectual young man, fluent in the English, French, and Arabic languages. (he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Princeton University (1957), then a Master of Arts degree (1960) and a doctoral Degree in English Literature (1964) from Harvard University.)Reflections on Exile and Other Essays brings together forty-six essays. The name essay, originally published in 1984 deals with Saids own condition of out-migration, and with the implications of exile for those who experience it. bit Said sees separation from a homeland as a difficult fate, he believes that the state of insulation gives exiles a unique vision. Being in exile means feeling in estrangement and compensate if there are romantic and happy episodes in an exiles life, these are no more than efforts meant to overcome the crippling sorrow of being in pain.Said come to nationalism and its essential tie-up with exile. Nationalism is belonging to a place, great deal and certain heritage. Nationalism fends off exile and fights to prevent its ravages. The interplay between them is like servant and master, opposites informing and constituting each other. All nationalism in their early stages develop from a condition of estrangement. In time, successful nationalism consign (ad) truth exclusively to themselves and relegate (elldz) all outsiders. objet dart nationalism is about groups, exile is privacy experienced outside the group the deprivations felt at not being with others in the communal habitation. Exiles are cut off from their roots, their land, their past. Exiles dont have armies or states, therefore they always feel the urg e to create one. Exile is a jealous state. You dont want to share what you have archieved, you have passionate hostility to outsiders, even to those who, in fact, are in the same position as you.Although it is true that anyone prevented from returning home is an exile, some distinctions can be do between exiles, refugees, expatriates and outgoers. Exile originated in the age-old practice of banishment. Once banished, the exile lives a miserable life with the stigma of being an outsider. Refugees, on the other hand, are a creation of the 20th century state. The word refugee has become a political one, suggesting innocent and bewildered people requiring urgent international assistance. Expatriates voluntarily live in an alien country, usually for personal or social reasons. They may share in the solitude and estrangement of exile, but they do not suffer under its rigid proscription. Emigres enjoy an ambiguous status. Technically, emigre is anyone who emigrates to a new country.Much of the exiles life is taken up with compensating for disorienting dismission by creating a new world to rule. It is not surprising that so many exiles seem to be novelists, chess players, political activists, and intellectuals. Each of these occupations requires a minimal investment in objects and places a great subvention on mobility and skill. The exiles new world is unnatural and resembles fiction. George Lukacs, in Theory of the Novel, says that novel is a literary form created out of the unreality of ambition and fantasy, it is the form of transcendental homelessness.No matter how come up they feel, exiles are always eccentric who feel their difference as a kind of orphanhood. The exile jealously insists on his or her right to refuse to belong. Wilfulness, exaggeration and overstatement are the characteristics styles of being an exile. You compel the world to accept your vision which you make more unacceptable because you are, in fact, unwilling to have it accepted. Artists in exile are decidedly unpleasant and their stubbornness insinuates itself into even their exalted works.Dantes vision in The nobleman Commedy is tremendously powerful in its universality and detail, but even the beatific peace archieved in the Paradiso bears traces of vindictiveness.(bosszuallas) mob Joyce chose to be in exile to give force to his artistic vocation. He picked up a actors line with Ireland and kept it alive so as to sustain the strict opposition to what was well-known(prenominal).The exile knows that in a secular and contingent world, homes are always provisional (tmeneti). Borders and barriers, which enclose us within the safety of familiar territory, can also become prisons and are often defended beyond reason and necessity. Exiles cross borders, break barriers of panorama and experience. According to Hugo of St. Victor, a 12th century-monk,a strong and perfect man archieves independence and detachment by functional through attachments, not by rejecting the m.Speaking of the pleasures of exile, there are some positive things to be said too. Seeing the entire world as a foreign land makes possible originality of vision. Most people are aware of one culture, one setting, one home, exiles are aware of at least 2. both environments are vivid, actual and occuring together contrapuntally. There is a unique pleasure in this sort of apprehension, especially if the exile diminish judgement and elevate appreciative sympathy.Edward Sad was an advocate for the political and human rights of the Palestinian people. As a public intellectual, he discussed contemporary politics, music, culture, and literature, in lectures, newspaper and magazine articles, and books. Drawing from his family experiences, as Palestinian Christians in the Middle East, at the time of the establishment of Israel (1948), Sad argued for the establishment of a Palestinian state, for equal political and human rights for the Palestinians in Israel. His decade-long membership in t he Palestinian National Council, and his proPalestinian political activism, made him a controversial public intellectual. He was intellectually active until the last months of his life, and died of leukemia in 2003.

Accounting for leases Essay

AbstractThis paper forget provide an everywhereview of mesh nameing. It will present the story, genuine status, and future implications of the tardilyst proposed shopworn, as jointly issued by the pecuniary be Standards senesce (FASB) and the International news report Standards dialog box (IASB). Furtherto a greater extent, the paper will arrest into account relevant observations made by various proponents who are concerned about the standard, and conclude with a personal opinion on the standard and why its better than the current standard.Existing accountancy standards between the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) have dispense withed corpoproportionns to avoid account assets and liabilities via operating leases. Thus, it has become common bore for corporations to utilize these operating leases as a source of deceptive financingby being adapted to materially mislead creditors and investors due to of f balance sheet accounting. Lease accounting is a unstained example (or phenomenon) that shows how people tend to exploit accounting standards in secernate to violate the substance over form accounting principle (where the economic reality can be distorted from the legal reality).The history of lease accounting is an interesting one. In 1976, FASB released Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 13 Accounting for leases. Since then, the accounting standard allowed companies to report some(a) leases as an asset and a liability (i.e. jacket letter/finance leases), and separate leases as a non-asset and non-liability (i.e. operating leases). However, since the FASB-IASB convergence project began (from the 2002 Norwalk Agreement), they have reached a general consensus with investors that in m whatsoever instances, operating leases can be misleading and could cover up material amounts of credit essay of a given company.It is interesting to note that such an issue ha d already been acknowledged by the late 70s, shortly after FASB released SFAS 13 (Kieso, Warfield, & Weygandt, 2004, p.1119). The issue was momentarily brought up once more during the early 90s for resolution, but was sharply protested by corporate interests and subsequently dismissed (Norris, 2013). Only now, has there been serious rethink of the standard and can demonstrate how long it can take for accounting standards to respond back to the demand of monetary statement substance abusers.On June 16, 2005, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), in response to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002, publically released On Arrangements with Off-Balance Sheet Implications, Special Purpose Entities, and Transparency of Filings by publishrs. This public statement proposed several authoritative goals and recommendations, among them a proposal to improve accounting for leases. By July 2006, the FASB and IASB established a Work Plan, in tramp to improve the standard for leas e accounting (Work Plan for IFRS Leases, 2013). The project has yet to be completed. lucubrate about its current status will be described next.On whitethorn 16, 2013, FASB-IASB has released their latest characterization drawing on accounting for leases. Based on user feedback, this draft arose from foregoing draft iterations that were released in March 2009 and August 2010 ( pictorial matter Draft, 2013, p. 1). If approved, the draft would supersede IFRS IAS 17 and FASB Topic 840 (Exposure Draft, 2013, p. 2). As a result of this draft, FASB-IASB will also attempt to concurrently update revenue recognition standards accordingly, as the latest proposal intends to make sure theaccounting for revenues and expenses for both the lessor and lessee will be consistent with each other (Exposure Draft, 2013, p. 1). Further more than, there are still some minor differences that exist between the FASB and IASB drafts, among them being revaluations, exchange flow, disclosure, non-public e ntities, and measurement issues (Exposure Draft, 2013, pp. 4-5). The feedback deadline for this draft is September 13, 2013 (Exposure Draft, 2013).As it turns out, this draft decided to take a much more prudent approach (compared to earlier proposals) towards lease accounting, allowing standards similar to SFAS 13 to remain applicable in practice for any leases that have terms of 12 months or less or if it is a Type B lease (which will all be further explained below) (Exposure Draft, 2013, p. 3). In effect, this would allow lessors to compensate to structure their lease terms accordingly, which allows lessees the ability to re clean these short-term leases in order to continue to practice off balance sheet financing.So whats the current proposal to account for lease terms that are more than 12 months? First, the exposure draft would require entities that enter such a leasing contract to key out the right of use asset and its associated liability (Exposure Draft, 2013, p. 2). Secon d, the draft requires the entities to recognize the inherent nature of the asset as being either Type A (non-property) or Type B (property) (Exposure Draft, 2013, p. 2). Third, the draft requires the lessee to assess how much economic benefit it reasonably expects to derive from the right of use asset (Exposure Draft, 2013, p. 2). Furthermore, the draft has guidelines for both the lessee and the lessor. These accounting guidelines will be described next early for the lessee, then for the lessor.For the lessee, if the lease is Type A, the lessee is required to recognize the associated Leased Asset and Lease Obligation on the Balance Sheet (Exposure Draft, 2013, p. 2). The asset could be depreciated, and the respective masss of the Lease Obligation are to be listed under the Liability and Debt sections of the balance sheet, respectively. The asset and associated liability is to be initially measured by use the present abide by method (where the initial account balances echos the pr esent take account of the future amount) in order to account properly for Interest Expense birthments made during the whole course of the Lease Obligation (Exposure Draft, 2013, p. 2). The lessor is required to de-recognize the Leased Asset from the Balance Sheet. In its place, the lessor must recognize the Lease Receivable and respite Asset (Exposure Draft, 2013, p. 3). The assets are also initially measured using the same present value method, in order to account properly for the interest earned apart from the Lease Revenue passim the whole term of the lease (Exposure Draft, 2013, p. 3).If the lease is Type B, the exposure draft proposes that both the lessee and the lessor should account for the lease as an operating lease if the lessee is NOT expected to consume more than an in substantive portion of the economic benefits embedded in the underlying asset (Exposure Draft, 2013, p. 3). Thus, the lessor would continue to recognize the underlying asset, dapple the lessee s inten d account for the annual lease expense (Exposure Draft, 2013, p. 3). Again, this accounting treatment is the same for any leases that have terms of 12 months or less.Keep in mind however, that if the lessee were to consume a significant portion of the economic benefits under a Type B lease, the accounting treatment for both the lessee and lessor would be similar to a Type A lease (Exposure Draft, 2013, p. 2). In this case, the lessee would be required to recognize an asset and liability from the property lease. I believe such proposal was intended, as it allows companies to gradually slump to the new treatment standards, whereby future amendments could someday require all short-term leases (and Type B leases) to be capitalized to better reflect the economic reality of short-term lessees.So, what do the proponents of the exposure draft think of the new standard and its impact on the future? As expected, there are some who agree with the draft and others who think other than. Dhaliwa l, Lee, and Neamtiu (2011) did a quantitative and qualitative empirical studyof which evidence suggests that lessees bear insufficient risk to treat the leasehold as an asset (p. 193). This implies that the new proposal would not significantly increase the represent of capital for any firms that would have to start capitalizingtheir operational leases. Cotton, McCarthy, and Schneider (2012) found that most firms under current lease accounting are able to combine associated obligations from their capitalized leases with other obligations (p. 118).This would not be allowed under the new proposal, thus better transparency and quality of information to investors. Middelberg and Villiers (2013) did a similar study, of 40 JSE-listed (South Africa) companies. Interestingly, their findings within this study suggest that the cost of financing would increase for firms that would have to capitalize operating leases. Their findings suggest that companies should expect to experience the follo wing changes to their financial ratios Debt-to-equity to increase by 9%, Debt ratio to increase by 8%, and the Interest cover ratio to decrease by 8% (Middelberg & Villiers, 2013, p. 663). This implies that the new proposal would catch investors to see such companies as high investment risks, thus increasing borrowing costs. Burton (2013) doesnt believe in the new proposal, instead suggesting that the current standards be amended to address the areas that are vulnerable to exploitation.He thinks the FASB should consider revising the four criteria provided in SFAS 13 that determines if a lease should be capitalized. In particular, he encourages the FASB to change the 90% present value rulewhich currently impose no such requirements for lessors to reveal the actual discount rate to the lessee. As a result, lessors are able to keep the leased asset on their books as a capital lease by using a low discount rate, magic spell the lessee can use a higher, in-house discount rate in order to avoid the need for capitalizing the lease. Quah (2013) reasoned that the proposed changes could have a more significant effect on retailers, as they are known to have major(ip)(ip) property leases. In particular, she notes that as the liabilities increase from capitalizing such leases, it would have negative effects on debt, employee compensation, and tax balances.This could cause major implications, as retailers (department stores, discount chains, convenience stores) are key economic players in the economy. Similarly, it would effect other major industriessuch as real-estate, major airlines, and shipping firms. Norris (2013) made a point that the new proposal could cause some revenue (income statement) challenges, as the present valuation methods would cause lessees to incur higher interest payments during the earlier days of the leased assets. This could especially be disappointing for earlybusiness startups (that typically need to take out more loans) and for any firms nee ding to maintain a lower cost of capital (that they would have otherwise been able to receive under operational lease accounting). Taken all together, the aforementioned observations basically imply that the future impact of the new proposal on lease accounting would effect all the major players within the economy, especially the retail, real-estate, and transportation industries.Furthermore, there is likelihood that higher borrowing costs would result for some of these businesses, forcing them to possibly subject employee benefits and/or compensation in order to better align their financials to changing reckon forecasts. On the other hand, investors will have access to higher quality, transparent informationreducing dubiety and risk to maintain lower interest rates. And as I mentioned earlier, the proposal still gives lessors and lessees the opportunity to structure their lease terms for annual renewal, avoiding the need to capitalize such leases and to keep them off the books. But by doing so, it would imply higher legal costs for some of these lessors and lessees, and thus, act as a deterrent in support of the new standard for capitalizing leases. I feel the FASB-IASB is wise to have taken a more balanced approach for changing the requirements of lease accounting.By doing so, it allows the majority of companies to readjust their accounting policies to better reflect economic reality (instead of legal reality). Also, the more transparent and specific requirements stated in the proposal for reporting liabilities and debt in the financial statements will have a long-run, positive impactas it ultimately helps reduce uncertainty between investors and draw offment. I feel these benefits will outweigh the costs (including the transitional-related costs that entities would have to pay in order to update their accounting policies and methods). Besides, these new accounting costs will be minify over time anyway, as firms become accustomed to the new standard. In summary, by forcing companies to report more honestly to investors, it induces management to better utilize their resources in order to maintain healthy margins, instead of resorting to fallacious activities.Thus, I believe that the standard is a win-win for both internal and external parties, as it better forces them to manage their resources more responsibly, and prevents management from supporting an exploitative culture that had been taking place during the past 25+ yearswith the old standard.ReferencesBurton, D. (2013, May 22). Lease-Accounting Rules Tinker, Dont Trash unuseds Article. Retrieved August 24, 2013, from LexisNexis Academic database. Cotton, B., McCarthy, M.G., & Schneider, D.K. (2012). A METHODOLOGICAL manakin FOR EXAMINING INFORMATION CONTENT OF PROPOSED LEASE ACCOUNTING RULE. Journal of Theoretical Accounting Research, Fall 2012, Vol. 8 Issue 1, 113-127. Dhaliwal, D., Lee, H.S., & Neamtiu, M. (2011, April). The Impact of Operating Leases on Firm Financial an d Operating Risk. Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, Vol. 26 Issue 2, 151-197. Financial Accounting Standards Board. (2013, May 16). Exposure Draft Leases (Topic 842) PDF Document. Retrieved August 24, 2013, from http//www.fasb.org/cs/BlobServer?blobkey=id&blobnocache=true&blobwhere=1175826935767&blobheader=application%2Fpdf&blobcol=urldata&blobtable=MungoBlobs Kieso, D.E., Warfield, T.D., & Weygandt, J.J. (2004). Intermediate Accounting 11e. Hoboken, NJ John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Middelberg, S.L., & Villiers, R.R. (2013, June). Determining The Impact Of Capitalising Long-Term Operating Leases On The Financial Ratios Of The Top 40 JSE-Listed Companies. International Business & Economics Research Journal. Jun2013, Vol. 12 Issue 6, 655-670. Norris, F. (2013, May 17). Accounting boards try again on leases Revamped proposal for valuing assets would still be a radical change News Article. Retrieved August 24, 2013, from LexisNexis Academic database. Norris, F. (2013, May 17). New Ac counting Proposal on Leasing Portends Big Change News Article. Retrieved August 24, 2013, from LexisNexis Academic database. Quah, M. (2013, May 18). New proposals on lease accounting under fire Some say they are a compromise, while others feel they will raise costs for firms News Article. Retrieved August 24, 2013, from LexisNexis Academic database.

Effect on the Economy Essay

Francis Mr. Joseph English 12 26 November 2012 War Effect on providence War has influenced scotch history profoundly across time and space. Winners of contends meet shaped economic institutions and employment patterns. Wars have influenced technological developments. Above all, recurring fight has drained wealth, break off markets, and depressed economical growth. Wars argon expensive (in money and other resources), destructive (of capital and human capital), and disruptive (of trade, resource availability, labor management). macro fights make up severe shocks to the economies of participating countries.Despite some positive aspects of short-term stimulation and long-run destruction and rebuilding, war generally impedes economic development and undermines wealth. Several specific economic set up of war recur across historical eras and locales. Next lump, the most consistent short-term economic effect of war is to push up prices, and consequently to reduce living standard s. This war-induced inflation was described in ancient chinaware by the strategist Sun Tzu Where the army is, prices are high when prices raise the wealth of the people is wash up (Tzu Sun, c. 00 BCE) His advice was to keep wars short and have the money in hand before assembling an army. Paying for wars is a central problem for states (see War Finance). This was specially true in early modern Europe (fifteenth to ordinal centuries), when war relied heavily on mercenary forces. The king of Spain was advised that waging war required three things money, money, and much money. Spain and Portugal imported silver and gold from America to pay for armies, further in such large quantities that the encourage of these metals eventually eroded.One vogue governments pay for war is to raise taxes (which in turn reduces civilian expenditure and investment). U. S. revolutionary Thomas Paine warned in 1787 that war has but one thing certain, and that is to increase taxes. Another way to pay for war is to borrow money, which increases government debt, but war-related debts can drive states into bankruptcy as they did to Spain in 1557 and 1596. A third way to fund war is to print more currency, which fuels inflation. Inflation thus practically acts as an indirect ax on a national economy to finance war. Industrial warfare, and especially the two World Wars, created inflationary pressures across large economies. Increasingly, governments mobilized entire societies for war conscripting labor, bidding up prices in markets for natural resources and industrial goods, and diverting capital and technology from civilian to armed services applications. World War I caused ruinous inflation as participants broke from the gold standard and issued currency freely. Inflation also tended to(p) the U. S.Civil War, World War II, and the Vietnam War, among others. War-induced inflation, although strongest in war zones, extends to distant belligerents, such as the fall in States in the World Wars, and, in major wars, even to neutral countries, owing to trade disruption and scarcities. Present-day wars go on to fuel inflation and drive currencies towards worthlessness. In Angolas civil war (1975-2002), for example, the government currency became so useless that an alternative hard currency bottles of beer came to replace it in many daily transactions.In access to draining money and resources from participants economies, most wars create zones of intense destruction of capital such as farms, factories, and cities. These effects severely depress economic output. The famine and plague that accompanied the Thirty Years War (1618-48) killed as much as one-third of Germanys population, as mercenaries plundered civilians and civilians became mercenaries to try to survive. World War I reduced French production by nearly half, starved hundreds of thousands of Germans to death, and led to more than a hug drug of lower Soviet output.One estimate put World War Is to tal cost at $400 billion five times the tax of everything in France and Belgium at the time. fighting casualties, war-induced epidemics, and other demographic disruptions have far-reaching effects. World War I contributed to the 1918 influenza epidemic that killed millions. Military forces in East Africa may have sparked the outbreak of what became a global AIDS epidemic. Quincy Wright estimates that at least 10 percent of deaths in modern civilization can be attributed directly or indirectly to war (Wright, 1942).The U. S. baby boom after World War II continues decades later to shape economic polity debates ranging from school budgets to social security. Wars also temporarily shake up gender relations (among other demographic variables), as when men leave home and women take war jobs to replenish the labor force, as in the Soviet Union, Britain, and the United States during World War II. Countries that can fight wars beyond their borders avoid the most expensive destruction (t hough not the other costs of war).For example, the Dutch towards the end of the Thirty Years War, the British during the Napoleonic Wars, the Japanese in World War I, and the Americans in both World Wars enjoyed this relative insulation from wars destruction, which meanwhile weakened their economic rivals. Also, just as wars costs and outcomes affect economic conditions and evolution, so too do economic conditions and evolution affect war. Causality runs in both directions. For example, Dutch economic strengths in the early 17th century allowed fast and cheap production of ships, including warships.The resulting naval soldiery returns in turn supported Dutch long-distance trade. The wealth derived from that trade, in turn, let the Netherlands pay and inveigh a professional standing army, which successfully sheltered the Netherlands from the ruinous Thirty Years War. This protection in turn let the Dutch expand their share of world trade at the expense of war-scarred rivals. inde ed the evolutions of warfare and of world economic history are intertwined. War is the proximal cause of the recurring inflationary spikes that demarcate 50-year Kondratieff waves in the world economy.Those waves themselves continue to be controversial. However, they may have some predictive value to the extent they clarify the historical relationships between war and military spending on the one hand, and inflation and economic growth on the other. The 1990s mainly followed a predicted long-wave phase of sustained low inflation, regenerate growth, and reduced great-power military conflict. If this pattern were to continue, the coming decade would see continued strong growth but new upward pressures on military spending and conflict, eventually leading to a new fight of inflation in the great-power economies.Since scholars do not agree on the mechanism or even the cosmos of long economic waves, however, such projections are of more academic than practical interest. The relationshi p between military spending and economic growth has also generated controversy. Despite its pump-priming potential in specific circumstances, as during the 1930s, military spending generally acts to slow economic growth, since it diverts capital and labor from more productive investment (such as in roads, schools, or basic research). During the Cold War, high ilitary spending contributed (among other causes) to the economic stagnation of the Soviet Union and the collapse of North Korea, whereas low military spending relative to GDP contributed to Japans growth and innovation. During the 1990s, as real military spending worldwide fell by about one-third, the United States and others reaped a peace dividend in sustained expansion. However, effects of military spending are long-term, and sharp reductions do not bring quick relief, as Russias experience since 1991 demonstrates. The global North-South divide a dim feature of the world economy is exacerbated by war.The dozens of wars c urrently in progress worldwide stock an arc from the Andes through Africa to the Middle East and Caucasus, to South and Southeast Asia. In some of the worlds poorest countries, such as Sudan and Afghanistan, endemic warfare impedes economic development and produces grinding poverty, which in turn intensifies conflicts and fuels warfare. To conclude, you have read about the good and bad things of war effects on the economy. War has drained wealth, disrupted markets, and depressed economical growth. But, the winners of these wars often were rewarded from these wars.War is bad overall I feel that war should be the last option for any country. Works Cited Washigntonsblog. Proof that war is bad for the economy. 24 Feb. 2012. < http//www. washingtonsblog. com/2012/02/debunking-the-myth-that-war-is-good-for-the-economy-once-and-for-all. html>. Symonds, Peter. US wages over war. 7 Oct. 2012. < http//www. globalresearch. ca/us-wages-economic-war-on-iran/5307485. > < http//www. jo shuagoldstein. com/jgeconhi. htm. > <upsky2. triod. com/science/economics/waraffectseconomy. html. > <Www, joshuagoldstein. com/igeconhi. htm. >